Tesla is the name of the car of the future, powering Elon Musk into the ranks of the very richest (at least in terms of money).
I was vaguely aware of Nikola Tesla and his rivalry with Thomas Edison. But I was sorely lacking a lot of details. Thanks to this thoughtful and well-produced “American Experience” documentary, released in 2016, directed by David Grubin and narrated by Michael Murphy, I now have filled in many of the missing details.
Tesla was a genius, an inventor, a poet of sorts, troubled by visions and eccentricities. One version of “the Mad Scientist.” He was born in 1856 into the often troubled Balkans, a Serb, in modern day Croatia, with a father who was a Greek Orthodox priest (please recall that those priests can marry). His mother was the inventor and inspiration. At the age of 3, depending on how history might be re-written, he became obsessed with electricity. His fame and ultimately his greatest accomplishment was making alternating electrical current possible. His professor at Graz Politech said building an AC motor was impossible. Tesla dropped out. Had a nervous breakdown. Purportedly the solution came to him while walking in a Budapest park. As shown in the movie, it is all about giving the moving carrousel a push at just the right time.
Lured by “the American dream,” that sometimes becomes a reality, he arrived in NYC, a penniless immigrant in 1884. He found no streets paved with gold, but he did find Thomas Edison, and with the help of a letter of introduction, was hired. Edison had already set up an initial electrical system, in part of lower Manhattan, all DC (direct current). The problem with DC is the distance the electrons have to travel in the wire, with friction causing significant power loss. Edison called Tesla a “poet of science,” which was not considered flattering, coming from the hard-nosed, practical, “does it work,” Edison. Tesla left after six months and literally had to dig ditches. After two years in America he was still penniless.
Ah, sweet connections, and not of the electrical variety. Tesla hooked up with George Westinghouse, recently rich from his invention of the air brake for railroads. He provided the funds for Tesla to finish his AC motors. The documentary commences with his demonstration of his inventions at Columbia, in 1891, including “cool light,” the no filaments of florescent light bulbs. In 1893, the Westinghouse/Tesla duo built 12 75-ton dynamos that generated AC power for the Chicago exposition, lighting the city. Westinghouse/Tesla beat Edison decisively, and after building a power station at Niagara Falls, forever, in terms of which power system would be used, AC or DC, in America, and the World. In 16 short years, the penniless ditch digger was the toast of NYC society, at all the finest events, living in the best hotels, eating in the best restaurants.
But there were the Martians! And his lack of business sense. He let Westinghouse renegotiate a contract that would have made him rich forever, a royalty of $2.50 for every horsepower produced. Renegotiated not to one penny, but to zero. He was a notorious germophobe before the days of COVID. He loved the number “3” and many things he used, including hotel rooms, had to be divisible by that number. In 1899, he set out West, to Colorado Springs, burned through a hundred grand, building very high voltage devices for power transmission, and dreamed of transmission through the center of the earth. And he heard from the Martians. A bit too much for most investors. JP Morgan bankrolled him one more time, thinking he was bankrolling possible wireless transmission. Tesla however worked on electric power transmission, without the wires. And Marconi, whom Tesla dismissed, beat him at his own game, using his patents.
Tesla died in 1943, even more eccentric, also poor, and in that same year, for what it is worth, the Supreme Court ruled that Tesla, not Marconi, had invented radio. Other visionary Tesla ideas are coming true today, from Wi-Fi to touchless bank cards. No doubt Musk saw a kindred spirit, from a century earlier. Speaking of which, there are documentaries on Elon Musk that I intend to watch. For filling in some of the lacuna on one of the more influential figures in American history, 4-stars.