INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER

A dramatically new understanding of human history, challenging our most fundamental assumptions about social evolution—from the development of agriculture and cities to the origins of the state, democracy, and inequality—and revealing new possibilities for human emancipation.

For generations, our remote ancestors have been cast as primitive and childlike—either free and equal innocents, or thuggish and warlike. Civilization, we are told, could be achieved only by sacrificing those original freedoms or, alternatively, by taming our baser instincts. David Graeber and David Wengrow show how such theories first emerged in the eighteenth century as a conservative reaction to powerful critiques of European society posed by Indigenous observers and intellectuals. Revisiting this encounter has startling implications for how we make sense of human history today, including the origins of farming, property, cities, democracy, slavery, and civilization itself.

Drawing on pathbreaking research in archaeology and anthropology, the authors show how history becomes a far more interesting place once we learn to throw off our conceptual shackles and perceive what’s really there. If humans did not spend 95 percent of their evolutionary past in tiny bands of hunter-gatherers, what were they doing all that time? If agriculture, and cities, did not mean a plunge into hierarchy and domination, then what kinds of social and economic organization did they lead to? The answers are often unexpected, and suggest that the course of human history may be less set in stone, and more full of playful, hopeful possibilities, than we tend to assume.

The Dawn of Everything fundamentally transforms our understanding of the human past and offers a path toward imagining new forms of freedom, new ways of organizing society. This is a monumental book of formidable intellectual range, animated by curiosity, moral vision, and a faith in the power of direct action.

Includes Black-and-White Illustrations

El nuevo esclavismo. Pasarse la vida trabajando en algo totalmente innecesario. Un trabajo de mierda.
¿Su trabajo tiene algún sentido para la sociedad? En la primavera de 2013, David Graeber hizo esta pregunta en un ensayo lúdico y provocativo titulado «Sobre el fenómeno de los trabajos de mierda». El artículo se volvió viral. Después de un millón de visitas en línea en diecisiete idiomas diferentes, la gente sigue debatiendo la respuesta.
Hay millones de personas: consultores de recursos humanos, coordinadores de comunicación, investigadores de telemarketing, abogados corporativos…, cuyos trabajos son inútiles, y ellos lo saben. Estas personas están atrapadas en unos trabajos de mierda. Olvide a Piketty o Marx; es Graeber, uno de los antropólogos y activistas más influyentes del momento, quien dice alto y claro que muchas de las tareas que se realizan en una economía de esclavos asalariados son una forma de empleo tan carente de sentido, tan innecesaria o tan perniciosa que ni siquiera el propio trabajador es capaz de justificar su existencia, y pese a ello se siente obligado a fingir que no es así.
La crítica social que persigue el libro es sólida y aguda, especialmente cuando introduce categorías tan refinadas como los «trabajos chapuza», que realizan determinados empleados para, por ejemplo, mantener en funcionamiento máquinas viejas y ahorrarle a la empresa la compra de nueva maquinaria. No deja de tener su lógica, ya que, como dijo Orwell, «una población que está ocupada trabajando, aunque sea en tareas totalmente inútiles, no tiene tiempo para hacer mucho más». De ahí que, como concluye Graeber, lo que tengamos sea una mierda permanente.

Debt is one of the great subjects of our day, and understanding the way that it not only fuels economic growth, but can also be used as a means of generating profit and exerting control, is central to grasping the way in which our society really works.

David Graeber's contribution to this debate is to apply his anthropologists' training to the understanding of a phenomenon often considered purely from an economic point of view. In this respect, the book can be considered a fine example of the critical thinking skill of problem-solving. Graeber's main aim is to undermine the dominant narrative, which sees debt as the natural – and broadly healthy – outcome of the development of a modern economic system. He marshals evidence that supports alternative possibilities, and suggests that the phenomenon of debt emerged not as a result of the introduction of money, but at precisely the same time.

This in turn allows Graeber to argue against the prevailing notion that economy and state are fundamentally separate entities. Rather, he says, "the two were born together and have always been intertwined" – with debt being a means of enforcing elite and state power. For Graeber, this evaluation of the evidence points to a strong potential solution: there should be more readiness to write off debt, and more public involvement in the debate over debt and its moral implications.