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The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible Hardcover – September 1, 2015
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- Why wasn't Eve surprised when the serpent spoke to her?
- How did descendants of the Nephilim survive the flood?
- Why did Jacob fuse Yahweh and his Angel together in his prayer?
- Who are the assembly of divine beings that God presides over?
- In what way do those beings participate in God's decisions?
- Why do Peter and Jude promote belief in imprisoned spirits?
- Why does Paul describe evil spirits in terms of geographical rulership?
- Who are the "glorious ones" that even angels dare not rebuke?
"There is a world referred to in the Scripture that is quite unseen, but also quite present and active. Michael Heiser's The Unseen Realm seeks to unmask this world. Heiser shows how important it is to understand this world and appreciate how its contribution helps to make sense of Scripture. The book is clear and well done, treating many ideas and themes that often go unseen themselves. With this book, such themes will no longer be neglected, so read it and discover a new realm for reflection about what Scripture teaches."
-Darrell L. Bock, Executive Director for Cultural Engagement, Senior Research Professor of New Testament Studies, Howard G. Hendricks Center for Christian Leadership and Cultural Engagement
"'How was it possible that I had never seen that before?' Dr. Heiser's survey of the complex reality of the supernatural world as the Scriptures portray it covers a subject that is strangely sidestepped. No one is going to agree with everything in his book, but the subject deserves careful study, and so does this book."
-John Goldingay, David Allan Hubbard Professor of Old Testament, School of Theology, Fuller Theological Seminary
- Print length368 pages
- LanguageEnglish
- PublisherLexham Press
- Publication dateSeptember 1, 2015
- Dimensions6.2 x 1.3 x 9.2 inches
- ISBN-101577995562
- ISBN-13978-1577995562
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From the Publisher

ABOUT DR. MICHAEL S. HEISER
Michael Heiser is an expert in the weird and wonderful world of the Bible. His popular Naked Bible Podcast passed five million downloads in 2019. Heiser is the author of several best-selling books, including The Unseen Realm, Demons, and Angels.
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Winner of the ECPA Bronze Sales Award for over 175,000 copies sold! |
Readable, but grounded in top-notch scholarship. |
Challenge what you thought you knew about the supernatural world of the Bible. |
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Demons | The Unseen Realm Q&A Companion | Supernatural | Angels | The Bible Unfiltered | |
What the Bible Really Says About the Powers of Darkness | A Question & Answer Companion | What the Bible Teaches About the Unseen World—and Why it Matters | What the Bible Really Says About God’s Heavenly Host | Approaching Scripture on Its Own Terms | |
320 pages | 160 pages | 224 pages | 248 pages | 192 pages | |
Hardcover, Kindle, Audiobook | Paperback | Paperback, Kindle, Audiobook | Hardcover, Kindle, Audiobook | Hardcover, Kindle |
Editorial Reviews
Review
There is a world referred to in the Scripture that is quite unseen, but also quite present and active. Michael Heiser's The Unseen Realm seeks to unmask this world. Heiser shows how important it is to understand this world and appreciate how its contribution helps to make sense of Scripture. The book is clear and well done, treating many ideas and themes that often go unseen themselves. With this book, such themes will no longer be neglected, so read it and discover a new realm for reflection about what Scripture teaches.
―Darrell L. Bock, Executive Director for Cultural Engagement, Senior Research Professor of New Testament Studies, Howard G. Hendricks Center for Christian Leadership and Cultural Engagement
"How was it possible that I had never seen that before?” Dr. Heiser’s survey of the complex reality of the supernatural world as the Scriptures portray it covers a subject that is strangely sidestepped. No one is going to agree with everything in this book, but the subject deserves careful study, and so does this book.
―John Goldingay, David Allan Hubbard Professor of Old Testament, Fuller Theological Seminary
This is a “big” book in the best sense of the term. It is big in its scope and in its depth of analysis. Michael Heiser is a scholar who knows Scripture intimately in its ancient cultural context. All―scholars, clergy, and laypeople―who read this profound and accessible book will grow in their understanding of both the Old and New Testaments, particularly as their eyes are opened to the Bible’s "unseen world."
―Tremper Longman III, Robert H. Gundry Professor of Biblical Studies, Westmont CollegeAbout the Author
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Product details
- Publisher : Lexham Press; F First Edition Used (September 1, 2015)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 368 pages
- ISBN-10 : 1577995562
- ISBN-13 : 978-1577995562
- Item Weight : 1.7 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.2 x 1.3 x 9.2 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #31,291 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #534 in Christian Theology (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author

Michael S. Heiser is a scholar in the fields of biblical studies and the ancient Near East. Dr. Heiser earned his Ph.D. in Hebrew Bible and Semitic Languages at the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2004. He also earned an M.A. in the same field at Wisconsin, along with an M.A. in Ancient History from the University of Pennsylvania (major fields: Ancient Israel and Egyptology).
Dr. Heiser is currently the Executive Director and Professor at the Awakening School of Theology and Ministry with Celebration Church in Jacksonville, FL. Before accepting his current position, Mike taught on the college and seminary level for over 20 years and was Scholar-in-Residence for Logos Bible Software for 15 years.
Dr. Heiser is the author of several best-selling books: The Unseen Realm: Recovering the Supernatural Worldview of the Bible; its shorter companion work, Supernatural: What the Bible Teaches about the Unseen World and Why it Matters; Angels: What the Bible Really Teaches About God’s Heavenly Host; and Reversing Hermon: Enoch, the Watchers, and the Forgotten Mission of Jesus Christ. He has also written over 100 articles for Bible Study Magazine and has several peer-reviewed articles in academic journals.
Dr. Heiser is known for intentionally exposing non-specialists interested in biblical studies, theology, and ancient texts to peer-reviewed material in all these areas. To that end he hosts the popular Naked Bible Podcast, which passed five million downloads in 2019. His non-profit corporation, MIQLAT, provides free translations of his biblical studies content in over twenty languages.
Lastly, Dr. Heiser is well known for his interest in the paranormal and alternative history. He has been a guest on dozens of talk shows and podcasts that focus on the fringe. Through his fiction (The Facade, The Portent), his Peeranormal podcast, and his YouTube Channel, Fringepop321, he tries to promote critical thinking in regard to this subject matter.
Dr. Heiser's homepage is drmsh.com. You can follow him on Twitter @msheiser.
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1. Some Things Unique, Some Things Not
The book deals with many interesting and thought-provoking themes, but nothing really all that original. Heiser, in so many words, would agree. He has said multiple times something along these lines: “Scholars have been saying these things for years. I’m not trying to be original.” Fair enough. However…
Many of the themes Heiser deals with are dealt with in the writings of evangelical scholars such as John Walton, TD Alexander, and GK Beale (only to name a few; there are many more). And if you’re familiar with OT studies, you already know that much of what Heiser says (Garden of Eden, Mountain of God, Temple, etc.) is nothing even remotely original. I point this out because, even though Heiser references the aforementioned scholars, for much of the book he talks as if evangelical scholars don’t deal with these matters and have not contributed to the relevant areas of study. This leads to the next issue I take with Heiser’s book:
2. Heiser’s Tone
I hate, hate, hate the tone of this book. When I read books, I hear the author’s voice in my head. There were a number of times that Bart Ehrman’s voice just popped into my head, uninvited, because Heiser sounds that much like him. He really, really does. Ehrman is an agnostic scholar bitter about his fundamentalist upbringing. Heiser sounds like an evangelical scholar bitter about a childhood Sunday School teacher. You may be edified by the theological truths that Heiser expounds, but you will not be edified by Heiser’s way of speaking on these issues. If ever I decide to use one of his books for a class, I will direct my students to “listen to what he says, but do not do what he does.”
The condescending way Heiser portrays evangelicals and/or anyone who takes a different view is so unnecessary (and nauseating). (No one is on Heiser’s level. No one has done as much research as he has done. Heiser is in a class of his own.) Anyone who lauds Heiser’s writings and really believes this (and there are many out there) has probably not done much reading in the deeper end of the pool. I had to put the book down multiple times because of the cavalier and mocking way he dismisses differing viewpoints. And this is not a rare phenomenon that comes out here and there; it is part of the fabric of the book through and through. So many times I thought to myself, “Can you please just explain your point? We’ve got it. No one in the evangelical world knows what you know or has studied what you have studied.”
Examples? Get a Kindle sample, and read the first 10% of the book with accompanying footnotes.
3. Historical Theology
Heiser has a low view of historical theology, and it really shows because he clearly has not studied it in much depth. For instance, anyone who is familiar with the different views regarding foreknowledge and predestination will be hard-pressed to identify exactly what view Heiser is criticizing in his book. It sounds like the naïve caricatures of Calvinism one finds online among freshmen in Bible college, but surely this can’t be coming from a Bible scholar who has such high standards for academic research, right? If something just sounds too stupid that anyone would actually believe it, it probably is. You are probably dealing with a caricature. Heiser's portrayal (of what one can only assume is Calvinism) is neither fair nor responsible scholarship. If you want to understand Reformed Theology, read Geerhardus Vos or BB Warfield or Herman Bavinck.
I do appreciate Heiser’s attention to where it should primarily be (the ANE), but he really could benefit from studying historical theology, especially if he is going to attack what he (UNDENIABLY) does not understand.
I would recommend reading TD Alexander, GK Beale, Daniel Block, Bruce Waltke, John Walton, and other scholars like them in addition to or instead of Heiser.
Before evaluating, I'll briefly summarize the thesis of the book. The thesis of "The Unseen World" is that the divine council forms one of, if not the major thread uniting biblical theology. God's council in the Old Testament is a host of created divine beings (like angels) surrounding God. Some of these beings went bad, and they sinned with human women in Genesis 6:1-4. After the fall of humanity at the Tower of Babel, God divided mankind and turned them over to the jurisdiction of these fallen divine beings. Because Deuteronomy 32:8-9 says this explicitly, Heiser calls this the "Deuteronomy 32 worldview." Immediately after Babel, however, God called Abram to bless all the families of the earth and stitch humanity back together. Psalm 82 calls the “gods” to account, and declares that God would judge them, they would “die like men” and He would “inherit all the nations.” From day one, He took Israel as His own portion so that He might one day defeat the fallen divine beings. The victory of God occurs in the Cross of Christ, so that now humanity, joined to Christ, is "seated in Heaven" and becomes "sons of God." We are now members of God's heavenly council.
It's a very compelling thesis, and it's well argued. The benefits of the book far outweigh the problems, but I disagree with enough aspects of the book that I'll start with the problems: but feel free to skip to the good bits, because I want to end on a positive note.
Problems:
1. Heiser's hermeneutic is extremely heavy on the idea of Israel's "adaptation" of Near Eastern ideas, with many of the descriptions of God being described as "polemic." Take the idea of the council of God itself. Heiser sees this as a Near Eastern idea which the biblical authors appropriate and modify. In other words, there is an objective truth which is communicated in the language of the Near Eastern worldview, even if that language does not convey the truth with exactness. Heiser is unclear to what degree this affects the objective truth of certain biblical claims. For example: when Micaiah sees the vision of God's council in 1 Kings 22, is this a true vision of God's throne-room? Or is God "translating" events in Heaven into Near Eastern terms? Or take the idea of the descent of the sons of God to marry the daughters of men in Genesis 6:1-4. Heiser repeatedly states that this is a "polemic" against Babylon. Well, if the story is there for polemical purposes, then did it really happen? Heiser apparently does believe that it happened, but this causes problems with the hermeneutic. If you're going to read the story as a polemic, then you will only find significance where it differs from the "original." If, by contrast, you study it as history, then the Bible provides the pristine account, and later Babylonian accounts are a garbled tradition. You can get more out of the Bible by studying it this way.
Just to address these two examples, then. It is abundantly clear that Israel's divine council is a feature shared with the rest of the Near East. If this belief was concentrated in the Near East, then it would lend credence to the idea that this is the "husk" God uses to communicate the real "seed" of divine truth (see Peter J. Leithart's comments on this hermeneutic in "Deep Exegesis"). However, the divine council is actually found outside of the Near East as well. For example, traditional African religions speak of a council of God headed by the Creator in the same way that Near Eastern peoples do. This indicates that the Bible is not borrowing from the worldview of the Near East so much as the Bible reflects the pristine form of a common cultural heritage for all mankind stretching back to Noah. The same is true with the intermarriage of the sons of God with the daughters of men before the Flood. Stories like this are found all over the world. There are Native American tribes which speak of a race of half-human giants overrunning the Earth before a global flood. The Greeks spoke of a race of Titans catastrophically destroyed. And so on. Charles Martin has written a short book addressing this important question.
2. Heiser is not well-acquainted with Biblical theology as a discipline. This doesn't mean that Heiser isn't a good biblical theologian, but only that he's not well acquainted with others who study the Bible as theology and not just as academic scholars. He references G.K. Beale's marvelous works on the Temple a few times, but Beale's insights could have been appropriated at a much more profound and structural level. There is no interaction at all with the mind-blowing work of Peter Leithart and James Jordan. I can understand not referencing Jordan (since, despite being a genius, he is very little known- but he needs to be read), but Leithart has written some truly fantastic books on biblical typology and theology that could have strengthened Heiser's thesis. We need to integrate the various disparate threads that these authors identify in the Scripture.
3. Heiser isn't a preterist (I am speaking of the view that Revelation 1-19 is fulfilled, that Revelation 20 is now, and that Revelation 21-22 are future), and this damages his reading of Revelation. When Satan is placed in a pit in Revelation 20 for the duration of the millennium, this is the fulfillment of Isaiah 14. When St. John speaks of a "star fallen from Heaven", he is quoting Isaiah 14, a massively important passage, as Heiser recognizes. By putting the fulfillment of this text off to the future, Heiser leaves us confused as to how victorious Christ actually has been. Is Satan still in God's council? A preterist would say he was cast out in Revelation 12:7-9. James Jordan has pointed out that the entire structure of the book is about the elevation of men to God's council. The twenty-four elders in Revelation 4-5 are angels, as we see by the fact that exactly twenty-four angels act throughout the book- only once you subtract "Another Angel" who appears several times with characteristics reminiscent of Old Testament theophanies. Each of them acts once and walks off stage: and in Revelation 20, the beheaded (those who were marked on the head with a Nazirite vow in Revelation 7) are given the authority to judge and replace the angels. Revelation confirms Heiser's thesis wonderfully in such a diversity of ways: but Heiser doesn't recognize it. Readers of this book should consult James Jordan's "The Vindication of Jesus Christ", with his massive 204 lecture series on Revelation for a detailed look. These are available on wordmp3.
4. Heiser strangely rejects the view that the Satan in Job 1-2 and Zechariah 3 is equivalent to the Serpent of Genesis 3 (whom he recognizes as NT Satan, on which see below). He cites a number of scholars on this, but their arguments are quite weak. The figure of the Satan in Job 1-2 is moving in the council of God. As Heiser points out, the prophecy of the Serpent's being placed under the Earth is a prophecy of when the Serpent is finally cast out of the council (as in Isaiah 14). We should expect to see him in God's council in the Old Testament. The clincher is that the figure of Satan is linked with Leviathan in Job 41. Leviathan has eyes "as the Dawn", just as the Bright One (see below) in Isaiah 14 is the "Day Star, Son of the Dawn." Zechariah 3 is a divine-council scene, and the Satan is rebuked. Revelation 12 makes allusion to Zechariah 3 and refers to Satan as the "accuser of our brethren." There is little question that the authors of the New Testament linked the figures of Genesis 3, Job 1-2, Isaiah 14, Zechariah 3, and Ezekiel 28. Had Heiser challenged the conventional academic reading of these texts, he could have made his case stronger.
Okay. Done with the bad. Notice how the review has four stars? That's because the book is still really, really good.
Good:
1. Heiser is the first person I have read to actually integrate Genesis 6:1-4 into a cohesive biblical theology. Most proponents of this view note that "sons of God" refers to divine beings in the Old Testament, conclude that it means the same in Genesis 6:1-4, and move on. But wait. Isn't this a weird event? Surely it must have some implications for the rest of Scripture! Heiser argues that it does. The fallen sons of God wish to prevent the birth of the Seed who will crush the head of the Serpent. As such, they attempt to pollute the human family. We discover them again when Israel is on the verge of conquering the land. Indeed, Heiser demonstrates that Joshua was only required to "devote to complete destruction, leaving none alive" areas dominated by these giants. While this does not fully resolve the moral quandaries surrounding this commandment, it most certainly adds additional and important insight. Furthermore, the remnant of the Nephilim come down to Goliath and his brothers, whom David slays. There is a lot of fun stuff one can do with this important theme.
2. Heiser, by far, provides the best treatment ever written on the Serpent (Nachash) of Genesis 3. I cannot count how many times I have read a secular scholar (and occasionally, even a traditional Christian scholar) say that there is no evidence that the Serpent of Genesis 3 is Satan. Heiser eviscerates this idea. He points out that "Nachash", when translated according to its adjectival form, means "Bright One." This is a heavenly being who is serpentine in appearance. Indeed, the same is true of the seraph: when translated according to its noun form, it means "Serpent" and when translated adjectivally, it is "Burning One." Yet nobody doubts that the seraphim of Isaiah 6 are heavenly beings! This is why, Heiser points out, the story of Isaiah 14 is indeed about Satan. The "Bright One" is the "Day Star, Son of the Dawn." Isaiah 14 is not so much a narrative about Satan's fall as it is a prophecy written in prophetic perfect, much like Isaiah 53 (which, as David Dorsey points out, it is chiastically linked with). When God tells Satan that he will "eat dust", He is prophesying that Satan will one day be cast out from the Heavenly Council (above the stars) and be placed beneath the Earth: where his only food will be dust. This is why Hell, or eternal death, is prepared for the Devil and his angels.
3. Many, many fascinating insights about how this narrative shows up in the rest of Scripture. Heiser notes how the region of Bashan is dominated by Rephaim-giants throughout the Bible. The Tribe of Dan, who inherits Bashan, is called in Genesis 49 a "serpent by the way" and is scrubbed out of Revelation 7. In Bashan is Mt. Hermon, which was the location from which Og, the king of Bashan, ruled. When Jesus predicts that the "gates of Hades" will not prevail against his Kingdom, He is standing right under the nose of Mt. Hermon. The Kingdom is on the offensive against the Gates of Satan's Kingdom, represented by this mountain of giants. Likewise, the bulls which attack the Davidic servant in Psalm 22 are "bulls of Bashan." This is the root of the NT idea that it was Satan and his angels who attacked Jesus. The same is true of the "cows of Bashan" in Amos 4, where allusion is made to Psalm 82, discussed above. And of course, the heart of the book is how the fallen angels are replaced by men. The members of God's council are the "sons of God" and they are seated in Heaven. But now, in the Eternal Son, we are the "sons of God" and we are "seated in Heaven with Christ." This was God's intent from the beginning: to mold and divinize the human family into a council for Himself. Heiser recognizes the connections with the Orthodox doctrine of theosis, which of course tickles me as an Orthodox Christian.
Altogether, this is a mind-blowing, amazing, incredible- and infuriating- book. Heiser is a deeply gifted scholar, and he has the capacity to see worlds that nobody knew were there. His work ought to be thoroughly integrated into the biblical-theological paths paved by scholars such as James B. Jordan, Peter Leithart, G.K. Beale, and N.T. Wright.
Top reviews from other countries

I have 2 minor criticisms: many of the technical quotations are in the original French or German - not a problem for some but off-putting for many. Secondly I would quibble with the phrase "divine beings" as opposed to "spirit beings", simply because "divine" is taken to refer to members of the Godhead as opposed to angels or demons (see the useful Web-page notes for additional clarification).

As I read on, I found this happening again, for example over his discussion of human freedom vs. predestination. I loved seeing the biblical picture emerge as he continued to discuss passages in the light of his research, but then (to me) he went further than the passage warranted in his attempts to philosophize. He made good points, but again, I wanted to argue with his conclusions. I enjoyed this, because it was quite evident that he was making me question my presuppositions and think hard about my conclusions. So, despite any reservations I might have about his more philosophical ideas, I still give this book five stars. I'd give it six stars if they were available.
I haven't read all of this detailed book, because each chapter take study and thought, and I will certainly add to this review in time. These are initial thoughts which I may even have to retract later! I have certainly been stimulated to think. I am very glad I came across this author and have already bought another of his books. Truly fascinating!


I'm halfway through currently, but Dr. Heiser steadily works through the key scripture on which his divine council worldview is based.
The main point I'd like to make is that this work is easily accessible; it has generous footnotes, briefly outlining opposing arguments, referring readers to the companion site or referencing scholarly articles. I like to read these, but if you don't wish to, the book is well within the capability of any literate person. To simplify it any more would I suspect miss out some key bits of information so if you're wondering whether to get this book or "Supernatural" (which I think is the "lite" version) I'd recommend this book.
I don't have a problem accepting Dr. Heiser's conclusions - they make clear many previously obscure and hard to understand passages which most Christians (including pastors and theologians!) gloss over or give unconvincing answers to. Even if you don't agree, if you're intellectually honest and a thoughtful Christian you should read this to know what the arguments are.

Secondly, and regarding the divine council perspective being pushed, I'm not sure I see what the fuss is about. It's not compelling that it relies for support more on extra biblical material than on biblical material but, even if correct, I don't see how it greatly changes the way we already view God's dealings with the earth, i.e. mediated through obedient spiritual beings and opposed by disobedient spiritual beings. Certainly doesn't seem to warrant such a long book to re-establish this.
All that said, though, the book does contain lots of nuggets of interest along the way, as well as a refreshing reiteration of the oft overlooked and ongoing plan of God to 'Edenize' the earth through man. In that context, it's a shame Michael ascribes a future eschatological role for literal Jerusalem but stops short of doing the same for the literal nation of Israel, but he's not done in doing that.
Overall, an intensely well researched book with many points of interest along the way, but one which ultimately ends up being less than the sum of its parts.